With advancing age, certain changes in the brain can lead to memory impairment, particularly affecting recent memory. This condition also involves difficulties in speech, inability to perform previously familiar tasks, and problems recognizing objects and people in the environment. Additionally, there is a decline in cognitive skills such as calculation, planning, execution, problem-solving, appropriate behavior regulation, and sound judgment, most of which are functions of the brain's frontal lobe. This progressive disorder affects an increasing number of elderly individuals.
It is observed in 2-4% of people over the age of 65, and this prevalence rises to 20% in those over 85. Approximately 60% of these cases are due to Alzheimer's disease, while 10-20% result from cerebrovascular diseases, blockages, and repeated strokes. Around 10% are alcohol-related, and the remaining cases are attributed to trauma, drug poisoning, brain tumors, abscesses, and other systemic diseases (such as vitamin deficiencies, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, liver, kidney, and pituitary disorders).
Age, particularly over 75, and a family history of Alzheimer's increase the risk. For the vascular type, high blood pressure, heart valve diseases, and nutritional deficiencies are significant risk factors.
What Causes Alzheimer's Disease?
Alzheimer's disease is primarily thought to result from the loss of nerve cells in the brain, the accumulation of non-functional substances in place of these cells, and a reduction in the production of neurotransmitters essential for communication between nerve cells. Alzheimer's is not contagious. While it is more common in older age, it can rarely appear in individuals in their 50s. The disease progresses very slowly and insidiously.
By understanding the underlying causes and risk factors of Alzheimer's and related conditions, we can better prepare for and manage these challenges as our population ages. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving the quality of life for those affected.